The population of Jamaica (2001 estimate) was 2,665,637, giving the nation an overall population density of 243 persons per sq km (628 per sq mi). The annual rate of population increase, formerly high, declined to 0.51 % by 2001. Emigration, primarily to the United States, Britain, and Latin America, has been substantial.

Population (2000): 2.66 million. Annual growth rate (2000): 0.6%. Ethnic groups: African 90.9%, East Indian 1.3%, Chinese 0.2%, White 0.2%, mixed 7.3%, other 0.1%. Religious affiliation: Anglican, Baptist and other Protestant, Roman Catholic, Rastafarian, Jewish. Languages: English, Patois. Education: Years compulsory--to age 14. Literacy (age 15 and over)--79.9%. Health (2000): Infant mortality rate--24.5/1,000. Life expectancy--female 75 yrs., male 70 yrs. Work force (2000, 1.1 million): Industry--17.8%; agriculture--21.4%; services--60.8%.